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10 Mobility Exercises for Seniors - Seated and Standing

Enhance and maintain your independence with these effective mobility exercises.

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Mobility is directly tied to quality of life as you age. Being able to walk and move easily is important for living independently. It helps you keep doing the activities you enjoy. Mobility can change as you age due to a combination of factors, such as:

  • A decrease in physical strength
  • Problems with balance
  • And medical conditions.

However, exercise is one of the most important things you can do to promote mobility as you age.

Regular mobility exercises for the elderly can significantly enhance their flexibility, balance, and strength, improving their overall quality of life. The guide below provides information and instructions on various mobility exercises for seniors, including chair and standing exercises.

The Importance of Mobility for Seniors

Mobility exercises for seniors are vital to help encourage independence and keep an older adult as active as possible. Mobility exercises provide benefits including the following:

  • Reduced risk of falls
  • Improved balance and coordination
  • Increased flexibility
  • Enhanced muscle strength
  • Boosted mood and reduced stress
  • Improved cognitive function
  • Increased energy levels

Chair Exercises

Because chair exercises are performed from a seated position, they are great for those with limited mobility. They enhance mobility by strengthening the leg and core muscles.

View Video Transcript

This exercise is the straight leg raise it's going to work the muscles in the front part of our upper leg and it's also going to work some of our lower abdominal muscles in our trunk area Polly's gonna sit on the chair and sit upright on the front edge of it I'm going to stay upright but I'm going to sit back a little bit it's just a little bit more comfortable for me to execute but I'm still going to keep my trunk nice and straight and upright all right we're gonna pull our toe in straighten our leg out Ăłrale raise the leg hold and then release we want to keep our leg straight through the whole range of motion touch lightly and then lift it again try to go so that you're at least parallel to the other leg if you can get a little bit higher go there squeeze hold and then release the top part of this exercise is very important to contracting the muscles that we are trying to isolate on this exercise movement keep our toes coming towards us squeeze hold release excellent job touch lately the heel two more reps with this leg squeeze release last rep up hold release very good we're going to change legs straighten the left leg out bring it up hold release touch lately again if we can get it a little bit higher than the opposite leg that's even better we're isolating the quadriceps or lower abdominal muscles through this range of motion and Polly is exhaling inhaling as she's doing the exercise movement she doesn't want to hold her breath through the range of movement here squeeze very good she's doing an excellent job of squeezing at the top of this to contract the muscles that we're trying to isolate that's critical you don't want to come up and just let it go we want to hold all right two more repetitions excellent excellent job here squeeze one more hold release very good that's our straight leg raise you

Seated leg lifts

Seated leg lifts are a great mobility exercise because they work several muscles, including hip flexors, quads, and calves. They may improve lower body control and hip flexibility, improving mobility.

To perform a seated leg lift:

  • Sit on the edge of a chair with your back upright.
  • Keep your core tight and maintain good posture with a straight back.
  • Extend one leg before you and have your heel touch the ground.
  • Raise the extended leg off the ground several inches and hold that position for a few seconds.
  • Lower your leg back to your starting position, repeat for 10 repetitions, and switch legs.
  • Complete two sets.
View Video Transcript

This exercise is the straight leg raise it's going to work the muscles in the front part of our upper leg and it's also going to work some of our lower abdominal muscles in our trunk area Polly's gonna sit on the chair and sit upright on the front edge of it I'm going to stay upright but I'm going to sit back a little bit it's just a little bit more comfortable for me to execute but I'm still going to keep my trunk nice and straight and upright all right we're gonna pull our toe in straighten our leg out Ăłrale raise the leg hold and then release we want to keep our leg straight through the whole range of motion touch lightly and then lift it again try to go so that you're at least parallel to the other leg if you can get a little bit higher go there squeeze hold and then release the top part of this exercise is very important to contracting the muscles that we are trying to isolate on this exercise movement keep our toes coming towards us squeeze hold release excellent job touch lately the heel two more reps with this leg squeeze release last rep up hold release very good we're going to change legs straighten the left leg out bring it up hold release touch lately again if we can get it a little bit higher than the opposite leg that's even better we're isolating the quadriceps or lower abdominal muscles through this range of motion and Polly is exhaling inhaling as she's doing the exercise movement she doesn't want to hold her breath through the range of movement here squeeze very good she's doing an excellent job of squeezing at the top of this to contract the muscles that we're trying to isolate that's critical you don't want to come up and just let it go we want to hold all right two more repetitions excellent excellent job here squeeze one more hold release very good that's our straight leg raise you

Knee lifts

Knee lips target the quadriceps and hip flexors. This seated exercise can improve hip joint strength and leg flexibility, both of which can help climb curbs and stairs.

To perform a knee lift:

  • Sit with good posture in a chair, moving slightly to the edge.
  • Lift one knee towards your chest.
  • Keep your core tight and engaged.
  • Hold the lift for a few seconds
  • Return your leg to its starting position and repeat on the other leg.
  • Aim for 10 repetitions and two sets on each side.

Place an ankle weight on your leg for resistance to increase difficulty level.

View Video Transcript

Sitting tall in the middle of a chair with your feet flat on the floor engage your core muscles lift one knee up and then slowly return your foot back to the floor repeat on the other side ensure you breathe out as you lift your knee and in as you lower it

Seated leg lifts

Seated leg lifts are a great mobility exercise because they work several muscles, including hip flexors, quads, and calves. They may improve lower body control and hip flexibility, improving mobility.

To perform a seated leg lift:

  • Sit on the edge of a chair with your back upright.
  • Keep your core tight and maintain good posture with a straight back.
  • Extend one leg before you and have your heel touch the ground.
  • Raise the extended leg off the ground several inches and hold that position for a few seconds.
  • Lower your leg back to your starting position, repeat for 10 repetitions, and switch legs.
  • Complete two sets.
View Video Transcript

For seated heel toe raises, put your feet about shoulder width apart. Then lift your toes and then lift your heels. Alternating back and forth.

Heel-toe taps

Heel-to-toe taps help strengthen the calf muscles and improve the ankle range of motion and coordination.

To perform a heel-to-toe tap:

  • Sit tall in the chair with your feet flat on the ground about shoulder-width apart.
  • Your knees should be at a 90° angle.
  • Lift your toes off the ground while keeping your heel planted.
  • Next, switch and lift your heel off the ground while keeping your toes on the floor.
  • Alternate for 10 repetitions and three sets.
View Video Transcript

Sitting arm circles to first start in the seated position you want to sit on the edge of your chair create a nice arch in your low back so you're sitting nice and tall bringing the ear shoulder and hip in perfect alignment from the front view our ankle knee hip and shoulder in alignment so that creates the space we need and then what she's going to do is she's going to go ahead and touch the tips of her fingers to the pads of her hand and she's going to reach her arms and extend them fully out locking the elbows out so when she does this this creates a little bit more extension in the spine and it works the back muscles and is putting more extension in the thoracic spine as well and then she's just going to go ahead and do some circles forward as directed by your practitioner and how many so we're working the shoulder joint reestablishing the way the shoulder joint articulates getting some movement in the scapula really getting that thoracic extension strengthening the back muscles shoulder stabilization and then she's going to after she does it she's going to reverse her finger her hands so she's getting external rotation now in the humerus before she had medial rotation so you're getting a little bit more opening in the chest and repeat as directed by your practitioner for sitting arm circles

Arm circles

Arm circles are a good mobility exercise for seniors. They help maintain range of motion and strength in the shoulders and strengthen the upper back.

To perform arm circles:

  • Sit on the edge of a chair, keeping your ear, hip, and shoulder aligned.
  • Extend your arms straight to your sides, locking the elbows.
  • Arms are at shoulder height, and palms are facing down.
  • Focus on sitting up tall to get a good extension in your spine.
  • Slowly move your arms in small circles in a forward motion.
  • After 10 repetitions, reverse and rotate in the opposite direction.
  • Aim for two sets of 10 repetitions.
View Video Transcript

Sit on a mat with your right leg straight and bend your left leg so that is over top of your right leg keep your spine straight up and down and twist to the left placing your left hand on the ground and your right elbow on your left knee for assisting the stretch hold the stretch for 20 seconds or more and then switch legs and repeat in the opposite direction

Torso Twists

A torso twist works the internal and external obliques, both of which are necessary to maintain a good range of motion in the trunk. It also helps improve core strength, promoting proper posture, balance, and overall mobility.

To perform torso twists:

  • Start by sitting up straight in a chair.
  • Feet should remain flat on the floor, and your knees should be at a 90° angle.
  • Bring your arms to shoulder height with elbows bent so your hands rest on the opposite arm
  • Start by rotating towards the left side as far as you can, tightening your core as you twist.
  • Slowly rotate back to the center and twist to the right side.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and complete one to two sets.

Standing exercises (with support if needed)

View Video Transcript

The next exercise involves performing push-ups against a wall to strengthen your shoulder, elbow, and chest muscles. Stand with your feet away from the wall and your hands at shoulder height against the wall. Push through the hands to straighten the elbows and then bend the elbows. Try to stay on your toes with the body perfectly still with no movement in the shoulder blades. The only moving parts are the elbows. Common mistakes for this exercise involve dropping your chest and hips towards the wall and moving the shoulder blades together. In this clip you can see that the body is not maintaining the straight neutral alignment. Another mistake is letting your pelvis move backward and your shoulders coming together or coming apart too much. Avoid excessive shoulder blade motion throughout this exercise.

Wall push-ups

Wall push-ups are an excellent mobility exercise since they work multiple muscles, including your chest and core.

To perform wall push-ups:

  • Stand with feet away from the wall.
  • Place your hands on the wall at about shoulder height.
  • Bend your elbows to lower your chest towards the wall while avoiding arching your back.
  • Maintain a tight core while you push through your hands to straighten your arms back up to your starting position.
  • Stay on your toes during the move.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and two to three sets.
View Video Transcript

Hello it's martin cooper and don williams from institute of sports and spines today we're here to demonstrate the heel toe rock exercise we use this exercise for ankle knee and hip issues as well as post operative ankle knee and hip surgery we're demonstrating this exercise on 500 mil carpet tiles you can use your own floor tiles at home which vary from 300 to 600 millimeters but 500 millimeters is a optimal optimal distance for you to utilize now starting position is the rear foot on the edge of one of your tiles and the forefoot on the edge of the tile in front the movement itself is just transferring load between the heel and the toe in a rocking motion as don is demonstrating conversely you can also plant the heel further accentuate that heel toe rocking action as you change your weight from front foot to back foot also do the other side despite the fact that the injury is on one side we want to try and improve your motion in both planes of movement switching to a side view may give you a better understanding of the nature of this movement this concludes our demonstration this concludes our demonstration of the heel toe rocking exercise

Heel-toe rocks

Heel-toe rocks strengthen the muscles of the lower legs, increase the range of motion in the ankle, and improve balance. Since this type of exercise improves the range of motion in the ankles, it can also help promote a normal walking pattern.

To perform heel-toe rocks:

  • Start by standing up and holding on to the back of a chair if needed.
  • Your feet should be about hip-width apart.
  • Shift your weight forward and raise your toes. Your heels should come off the ground.
  • Next, rock backward, shifting your weight onto your heels so your toes come off the ground.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and aim for three sets.
View Video Transcript

Leg swings side to side standing in front of a wall or sturdy piece of furniture hold on to it for balance stand on one leg keeping the supporting knee slightly bent swing the other leg from side to side first Crossing in front of your support leg and then outwards to the side trying to reach the limit of your hip movement make sure your abs are engage and that you do not Arch your lower back or that you lean to the sides or back at any time repeat for five to 10 repetitions for each leg

Side-to-side leg swings

Side-to-side leg swings work the hip abductors and adductor muscles as well as the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles. This exercise can improve hip mobility and range of motion, which promotes increased stability and mobility.

To perform side-to-side leg swings:

  • Stand in the back of a sturdy chair to maintain balance.
  • Stand on one leg, keeping your support knee slightly bent.
  • Swing the other leg side to side, crossing in front of your supporting leg.
  • Only swing as high as your range of motion allows.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and switch to the opposite leg.
View Video Transcript


Begin in a standing position with your feet in a wide stance reach one arm across your body to your opposite side shifting your weight on to that leg and turning your head and trunk to follow your hand return to the starting position and repeat to your other side make sure to reach as big as you can with your arms and hands and maintain your balance during the exercise [Applause]

Arm reaches

Standing arm reaches activate the shoulders, triceps, and upper back muscles. This exercise can improve shoulder flexibility and mobility, making everyday activities that involve reaching easier.

To perform arm reaches:

  • Stand tall with your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart.
  • Reach one arm across your body to your opposite side, shifting your weight to that leg.
  • Turn your head and trunk to follow your hand.
  • Return to your starting position and repeat on your other side.
  • Your reach should be as big as your range of motion allows.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and two sets.
View Video Transcript

Stand upright and hold onto a wall or table for balance if required slowly raise up onto your toes and control the movement back down this exercise will strengthen the calf muscles and Ankle joints

Standing calf raises

Standing calf raises improve strength in the calf muscle and improve balance. To perform standing calf raises:

  • Stand tall, holding on to a table or chair for balance and stability as needed.
  • Tighten your core, which will increase the exercise's stability.
  • Shift your weight forward, moving up onto your toes, allowing your heels to come off the ground.
  • Control the movement back down and return to your starting position.
  • Repeat for two sets of 10 repetitions.

Tips for Safe and Effective Exercise

Remember several things to ensure you do them safely and effectively when you perform mobility exercises. Consider the following suggestions:

  • Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations
  • Start slowly and gradually increase your intensity
  • Listen to your body
  • Stay well hydrated
  • Wear comfortable clothing and supportive footwear

Conclusion

Mobility exercises for seniors can improve strength, coordination, and balance. Mobility exercises are essential to maintaining independence as you age. Exercises for seniors with limited mobility may include chair exercises such as:

  • Knee lifts
  • Torso twists
  • And seated leg raises

As you progress and become stronger, consider moving to standing exercises such as:

  • Wall push-ups
  • Side-to-side leg swings
  • And standing calf raises

Try to incorporate mobility exercises into your daily exercise routine. These exercises can increase your strength and provide several physical and mental benefits, including improving overall well-being.

Remember that exercise is not a one-size-fits-all program. A healthcare professional can help develop a personalized exercise plan for your needs and goals.

About the Author

MaryAnn DePietro CRT

MaryAnn DePietro CRT is a licensed respiratory therapist with over 15 years of clinical experience in critical care, emergency medicine, and pulmonary rehabilitation. She is also an American Council on Exercise certified personal trainer and holds specialty certifications in orthopedics, senior fitness, and weight management. MaryAnn has a degree in Rehabilitation from Penn State University and a degree in respiratory therapy.

In addition to her clinical experience, she has written extensively about all things medical, as well as health, fitness, and aging for various websites, magazines, and newspapers.

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